This Data Center exists as an information hub for the latest news and findings around underwater hypoxic blackouts / shallow water blackouts. If you have information that should be added, please send it to admin@shallowwaterblackoutprevention.org
Hypoxic Blackouts / Shallow Water Blackouts
What is an Underwater Hypoxic Blackout?
9/25/2016: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9487220/
8/1/2015: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1330&context=ijare
2015: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1330&context=ijare
2012: http://www.aquaticsafetygroup.com/images/Graphics/ABC%20for%20SWB.pdf
How to prevent a blackout?
Coroner Reports
Effects of Hyperventilation
Organization Statements
International Lifesaving Federation
Red Cross
USA Swimming
USA Artistic Swim
National Drowning Prevention Alliance (NDPA)
Centers for Disease Control
Naval Safety Center
Australian Institute of Sport
Lifesaving Society: The Lifeguard Experts
Prevention Efforts
By YMCA
Redwoods Group
https://redwoodsgroup.com/resources/breath-holding-and-shallow-water-blackout/
https://redwoodsgroup.com/resources/victim-recognition-medical-events-shallow-water-blackout/
https://redwoodsgroup.com/resources/in-service-training-extended-breath-holding/
See paragraph 11: https://academic.oup.com/milmed/article/182/1-2/1471/4099822
City of Staten Island & New York City
6/1/15: https://www.silive.com/news/2015/06/deaths_at_lyons_pool_sparked_w.html
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/swimming-pools-ban-holding-breath_n_7468010
City of Santa Barbara
State of Wisconsin
Look in section ATCP 76.29 Posting pool rules.
Children’s Hospital of Orange County (CHOC)
University of Florida College of Medicine
Royal Life Saving Australia
Professional Safety
9/2012: Safety Sign
Lawsuits
Current: https://unicourt.com/case/ca-la23-raphael-metzger-vs-wim-hof-et-al-951604?init_S=st_ftrd
You can read Maddie’s story here and find out more about the lawsuit at this link.
2/14/17: https://www.silive.com/news/2017/02/lyons_pool_death_settlement.html
2008: https://www.clubindustry.com/nonprofits/long-island-ymca-settles-suit-over-lifeguard-drowning
Underwater Sports
Underwaters
5/29/15:https://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/news/shallow-water-blackout-the-silent-killer-of-swimmers/
2/2005: http://www.aquaticsafetygroup.com/PDF/DyingforAirAquaticsInternationalFebruary2005.PDF
Wim Hof Method
Synchronized Swimming
6/30/22:https://www.healthing.ca/wellness/fitness/shallow-water-blackout-hypoxic-blackout-swimming
11/1/2010: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1186&context=ijare
Freediving/Spearfishing
7/18/23: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/best-places-to-freedive-taiwan
5/20/22: https://www.deeperblue.com/avoiding-black-outs-hypoxic-fits/
5/1/19: https://dan.org/alert-diver/article/freediving-safety/
2015: Shallow-water blackout. Case report: death while free diving
6/15/2014: Diving Medicine
Underwater Hockey
Articles relating to serval underwater sports
Studies - Past & Present
Safe Underwater Breathing (SUB) Research Group
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Military Medicine
Aquatics Safety Research Group by Drs. Tom and Rachel Griffiths
Redwoods Group
2016: WAHC Study Poster
In Recent News
8/15/23: https://www.ausleisure.com.au/news/lynxight-explain-role-of-ai-systems-in-aiding-water-safety/
Incident Tracking Sheet
**This sheet contains many of the blackouts/drownings that we have been made aware of, some confirmed and some unconfirmed. If you have an incident that should be added please reach out to us at admin@shallowwaterblackoutprevention.org